Multiple Choice
In proteinogenic amino acids, what primarily distinguishes one amino acid from another?
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3. Amino Acids
Amino Acid Groups
Multiple Choice
Which hormone is synthesized from a single amino acid residue (i.e., derived from one amino acid) rather than from a peptide chain?
A
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
B
Glucagon
C
Oxytocin
D
Insulin
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the difference between peptide hormones and amino acid-derived hormones. Peptide hormones are made up of chains of amino acids, while amino acid-derived hormones are synthesized from a single amino acid residue through enzymatic modification.
Identify the hormones listed: Glucagon, Oxytocin, and Insulin are all peptide hormones composed of multiple amino acids linked together in a chain.
Recognize that Epinephrine (adrenaline) is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine through a series of enzymatic steps, making it a catecholamine derived from a single amino acid residue rather than a peptide chain.
Recall the biosynthetic pathway of epinephrine: Tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA, then to dopamine, then to norepinephrine, and finally to epinephrine, highlighting its origin from one amino acid.
Conclude that among the options, epinephrine is the hormone synthesized from a single amino acid residue, distinguishing it from peptide hormones like glucagon, oxytocin, and insulin.
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