Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Characteristics of Life

Biochemistry

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

Characteristics of Life

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Multiple Choice

Which two elements are most commonly found in biomolecules?

Carbon and hydrogen

Nitrogen and calcium

Phosphorus and sulfur

Oxygen and sodium

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the composition of biomolecules: Biomolecules are primarily composed of elements that form stable covalent bonds and are essential for life processes. These elements are typically found in organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Recognize the most common elements in organic chemistry: Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) are the backbone of organic molecules. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds makes it versatile for creating complex structures, while hydrogen is commonly bonded to carbon in hydrocarbons and other biomolecules.

Consider the role of oxygen (O): Oxygen is another key element in biomolecules, often found in functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and carboxyl (-COOH). It plays a critical role in energy metabolism and structural components.

Evaluate the presence of nitrogen (N): Nitrogen is essential in biomolecules like amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and nucleotides (components of DNA and RNA). It is less abundant than carbon and hydrogen but still vital for life.

Exclude less common elements: Elements like calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and sodium (Na) are important in specific biological functions (e.g., bone structure, signaling, and enzymatic activity) but are not as universally abundant in biomolecules as carbon and hydrogen.