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Multiple Choice
If acetylcholinesterase became mutated and nonfunctional, which of the following would most likely occur in the synaptic cleft?
A
Decreased levels of acetylcholine due to increased degradation
B
Enhanced reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron
C
Accumulation of acetylcholine due to impaired breakdown
D
Increased synthesis of acetylcholinesterase
Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Understand the role of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, into acetate and choline. This process terminates the signal transmission at the synapse.
Step 2: Analyze the impact of a nonfunctional acetylcholinesterase. If the enzyme is mutated and nonfunctional, acetylcholine will not be efficiently degraded in the synaptic cleft.
Step 3: Consider the consequences of impaired acetylcholine breakdown. Without degradation, acetylcholine will accumulate in the synaptic cleft, leading to prolonged activation of acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
Step 4: Evaluate the incorrect options. Decreased levels of acetylcholine due to increased degradation cannot occur because the enzyme responsible for degradation is nonfunctional. Enhanced reuptake into the presynaptic neuron is unrelated to acetylcholinesterase activity. Increased synthesis of acetylcholinesterase is not a direct consequence of the mutation described.
Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is 'Accumulation of acetylcholine due to impaired breakdown,' as this aligns with the role of acetylcholinesterase and the effects of its nonfunctionality.