Textbook Question
Summarize the hypotheses that explain variation in human skin color as adaptations to variation in UV radiation.
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32. Vertebrates
Primates and Homonids
1:56 minutesProblem 4
Textbook Question
Most species of hominins are known only from Africa. Which species have been found in other parts of the world as well?
a. early Homo—H. habilis and H. ergaster
b. H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis, and H. floresiensis
c. Australopithecus afarensis
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the species listed in each option and determine their geographical distribution based on fossil evidence.
Understand that early Homo species such as H. habilis and H. ergaster are primarily known from African sites.
Recognize that H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis, and H. floresiensis have fossil records that extend beyond Africa, including Asia and Europe.
Note that Australopithecus afarensis is predominantly associated with East African fossil sites.
Conclude which option includes species that have been found in parts of the world outside Africa.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hominins
Hominins are a group of species that includes modern humans and our closest extinct relatives. This group is characterized by bipedalism, larger brain sizes compared to other primates, and the use of tools. Understanding the evolutionary history and geographical distribution of hominins is crucial for identifying which species have been found outside of Africa.
Homo erectus
Homo erectus is an extinct hominin species that lived approximately 1.9 million years ago to as recently as 110,000 years ago. It is notable for being one of the first hominins to leave Africa, with fossils found in Asia and Europe. This species exhibited advanced tool use and possibly the control of fire, marking significant evolutionary developments.
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Homonids
Neanderthals
Homo neanderthalensis, commonly known as Neanderthals, were a distinct group of hominins that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until about 40,000 years ago. They are closely related to modern humans and are known for their robust build and adaptation to cold climates. Their existence outside Africa and interactions with early Homo sapiens are key to understanding human evolution.
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