Which of the following is not a body segment of the fruit fly embryo?

Type I diabetes is a form of diabetes that is due to the loss of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The potential of stem cells—in particular, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells—for therapy has gotten a lot of press.

What are iPS cells?

a. Cells taken from early human embryos

b. Cells taken from the pancreas of people without diabetes

c. Cells derived by de-differentiating specialized adult cells

d. Cells derived by differentiating pancreas precursor cells

Type I diabetes is a form of diabetes that is due to the loss of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The potential of stem cells—in particular, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells—for therapy has gotten a lot of press.

If researchers were attempting to stimulate the differentiation of iPS cells, which of the following would they most likely add to the cell-culture medium (the liquid surrounding the cells)?

a. Activin A, an extracellular signal protein

b. Sox-2, a transcription factor active in early development

c. Grb-2, an intracellular signal transduction protein

d. Lactase, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose