Multiple Choice
What is a likely evolutionary consequence for prey species in an ecosystem where wolves were hunted to extinction about a century ago?
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1. Introduction to Biology
Natural Selection and Evolution
Multiple Choice
Both primary and secondary succession begin with pioneer species that —
A
are the first to colonize disturbed or newly formed habitats, modifying the environment for later species
B
require nutrient-rich soil to establish themselves
C
eliminate all other species through competition
D
are always large, slow-growing plants that dominate the climax community
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of ecological succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no previous life existed (e.g., bare rock), while secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has removed existing life but soil remains intact.
Define pioneer species: Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize a disturbed or newly formed habitat. They are typically hardy and adaptable, capable of surviving in harsh conditions with limited resources.
Examine the role of pioneer species: Pioneer species modify the environment by breaking down rock into soil, adding organic matter, and creating conditions suitable for other species to establish themselves.
Evaluate the options provided: Pioneer species do not require nutrient-rich soil to establish themselves, nor do they eliminate all other species through competition. They are not always large, slow-growing plants; instead, they are often small, fast-growing organisms like lichens or mosses.
Conclude that the correct answer is: Pioneer species are the first to colonize disturbed or newly formed habitats, modifying the environment for later species.
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