Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
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Which of the following best describes the two motor pathways involved in the stretch (patellar) reflex?
A
A monosynaptic pathway that inhibits the quadriceps muscle and a polysynaptic pathway that stimulates the hamstring muscle.
B
Two monosynaptic pathways, one stimulating the quadriceps and one stimulating the hamstring.
C
A polysynaptic pathway that stimulates both the quadriceps and hamstring muscles simultaneously.
D
A monosynaptic pathway that stimulates the quadriceps muscle and a polysynaptic pathway that inhibits the hamstring muscle.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the stretch (patellar) reflex: This reflex is a simple neural circuit that helps maintain posture and balance by responding to muscle stretch. It involves sensory neurons, motor neurons, and sometimes interneurons.
Identify the role of the quadriceps muscle: When the patellar tendon is tapped, it stretches the quadriceps muscle. This stretch is detected by sensory neurons in the muscle spindle, which send signals to the spinal cord.
Explain the monosynaptic pathway: In the spinal cord, the sensory neuron directly synapses with a motor neuron (monosynaptic connection). This motor neuron stimulates the quadriceps muscle to contract, counteracting the stretch.
Describe the polysynaptic pathway: The sensory neuron also synapses with an interneuron in the spinal cord. This interneuron inhibits the motor neurons that control the hamstring muscle (antagonist muscle), preventing it from contracting and allowing the quadriceps to work effectively.
Clarify the correct answer: The stretch reflex involves a monosynaptic pathway that stimulates the quadriceps muscle and a polysynaptic pathway that inhibits the hamstring muscle. This coordination ensures smooth movement and balance during the reflex.
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