Textbook Question
What is left for genetic researchers to do now that the Human Genome Project has determined nearly complete nucleotide sequences for all of the human chromosomes? Explain.
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19. Genomics
Genomes
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What have scientists learned from the Human Genome Project?
A
Humans have more genes than any other organism.
B
The human genome is composed entirely of coding DNA.
C
The exact number of genes in the human genome is approximately 20,000-25,000.
D
All human genetic diseases have been identified and cured.
Verified step by step guidance1
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international research effort to map and understand all the genes of human beings, collectively known as the genome.
One of the key findings from the HGP is that the human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, which is fewer than initially expected.
The project revealed that a large portion of the human genome is non-coding DNA, meaning it does not code for proteins, contrary to the statement that it is composed entirely of coding DNA.
The HGP has not identified or cured all human genetic diseases, but it has provided a foundation for understanding genetic disorders and developing potential treatments.
The statement that humans have more genes than any other organism is incorrect; some organisms, like certain plants, have more genes than humans.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Below are the amino acid sequences (using single letters; see Figure 5.14) of three short segments of the FOXP2 protein from five species. These segments contain all amino acid differences between the FOXP2 proteins of these species. Compare the amino acid sequences by answering parts (a)–(d).
b. In the sequence for the mouse, circle any amino acid that differs from the sequence for the chimpanzee, gorilla, and rhesus monkey. Then draw a box around any amino acid that differs from the human sequence.
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