Multiple Choice
Which homeostatic process requires energy to move particles across the plasma membrane?
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6. The Membrane
Passive vs. Active Transport
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Which of the following best distinguishes active transport from passive transport across a cell membrane?
A
Active transport requires energy input from the cell, while passive transport does not.
B
Both active and passive transport require ATP to move molecules across the membrane.
C
Passive transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while active transport moves them down their gradient.
D
Active transport only occurs in prokaryotic cells, while passive transport only occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the key difference between active and passive transport. Active transport requires energy input (usually in the form of ATP) to move substances across the cell membrane, while passive transport does not require energy and relies on the natural movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.
Step 2: Analyze the first option: 'Active transport requires energy input from the cell, while passive transport does not.' This aligns with the definition of active and passive transport, as active transport uses ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy.
Step 3: Evaluate the second option: 'Both active and passive transport require ATP to move molecules across the membrane.' This is incorrect because passive transport does not require ATP; it relies on diffusion or facilitated diffusion.
Step 4: Evaluate the third option: 'Passive transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while active transport moves them down their gradient.' This is incorrect because it reverses the roles of active and passive transport. Active transport moves substances against their gradient, while passive transport moves them down their gradient.
Step 5: Evaluate the fourth option: 'Active transport only occurs in prokaryotic cells, while passive transport only occurs in eukaryotic cells.' This is incorrect because both active and passive transport occur in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Based on the analysis, the first option is the correct answer.
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