Multiple Choice
Which type of protein is primarily responsible for fighting disease in the body?
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4. Biomolecules
Proteins
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What is a likely physiological consequence when an athlete consumes large amounts of protein-rich foods over an extended period?
A
All excess protein is stored in the body as muscle tissue.
B
Protein consumption above daily requirements has no effect on metabolism or excretion.
C
Excess amino acids are deaminated, and the resulting nitrogen is excreted as urea.
D
The body converts all excess protein directly into glucose without any waste products.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. When consumed in excess, the body cannot store amino acids in their original form.
Recognize that the body processes excess amino acids through a process called deamination. During deamination, the amino group (-NH2) is removed from the amino acid, leaving behind a carbon skeleton.
The removed amino group is converted into ammonia (NH3), which is toxic to the body. To safely excrete this nitrogenous waste, the liver converts ammonia into urea through the urea cycle.
The urea is then transported to the kidneys, where it is excreted from the body in urine. This is the primary way the body eliminates excess nitrogen from protein metabolism.
Understand that the remaining carbon skeletons of the amino acids can be used for energy production, converted into glucose or fat, but this process does not occur without producing waste products like urea.
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