Multiple Choice
During photosynthesis, specifically by the end of the Calvin cycle, what are water ($H_2O$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) primarily converted into?
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9. Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
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The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ________ to make ________.
A
CO$_2$ and O$_2$; glucose
B
NADH and FADH$_2$; pyruvate
C
ATP and NADPH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
D
H$_2$O and ATP; sucrose
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the Calvin cycle, which is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. Its primary purpose is to fix carbon dioxide (CO₂) into organic molecules.
Step 2: Recognize that the Calvin cycle uses energy in the form of ATP and reducing power in the form of NADPH, both of which are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Step 3: Identify the main product of the Calvin cycle, which is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a three-carbon sugar that can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates.
Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options by analyzing the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle. For example, CO₂ is an input, but O₂ is not involved in this process. Similarly, NADH and FADH₂ are not used in the Calvin cycle; they are part of cellular respiration.
Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is ATP and NADPH as inputs, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) as the output of the Calvin cycle.
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