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Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the change in coyote behavior in the presence of wolves?
A
Coyotes become more cautious and reduce their activity in areas frequented by wolves.
B
Coyotes shift to a strictly herbivorous diet to avoid competition with wolves.
C
Coyotes increase their vocalizations to assert dominance over wolves.
D
Coyotes form larger packs to directly compete with wolves for territory.
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the ecological relationship between coyotes and wolves. Wolves are apex predators, and their presence can influence the behavior of other species, including coyotes, through competition and predation risk.
Recognize that coyotes are mesopredators, meaning they occupy a lower position in the food chain compared to wolves. This often leads to behavioral adaptations to avoid direct conflict with wolves.
Evaluate the options provided. Consider which behaviors are realistic and supported by ecological studies. For example, coyotes are unlikely to shift to a strictly herbivorous diet because they are opportunistic omnivores and rely on a varied diet.
Analyze the option about increased vocalizations. Coyotes are unlikely to increase vocalizations to assert dominance over wolves, as this could attract unwanted attention and increase the risk of conflict.
Conclude that the most plausible behavioral change is that coyotes become more cautious and reduce their activity in areas frequented by wolves. This aligns with the concept of 'landscape of fear,' where prey or subordinate species alter their behavior to avoid predators or dominant competitors.