Multiple Choice
How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to the diversification of early vertebrate lineages?
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1. Introduction to Biology
Natural Selection and Evolution
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Which of the following structures do NOT indicate a common ancestor?
A
Molecular similarities in DNA
B
Homologous structures
C
Analogous structures
D
Vestigial structures
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the key terms in the question: Analogous structures, Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, and Molecular similarities in DNA. Each of these terms refers to a type of biological evidence used to study evolutionary relationships.
Analogous structures are features in different species that perform a similar function but do not share a common evolutionary origin. For example, the wings of birds and insects are analogous because they serve the same purpose (flight) but evolved independently. This indicates that analogous structures do NOT suggest a common ancestor.
Homologous structures are features in different species that share a common evolutionary origin, even if their functions differ. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats are homologous because they share a common ancestor. These structures DO indicate a common ancestor.
Vestigial structures are remnants of features that served important functions in an organism's ancestors but are no longer functional or have reduced functionality in the current organism. For example, the human appendix is a vestigial structure. These structures DO suggest a common ancestor.
Molecular similarities in DNA refer to the comparison of genetic material between species. Similarities in DNA sequences strongly suggest a shared evolutionary history and a common ancestor. Therefore, molecular similarities DO indicate a common ancestor.
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