Multiple Choice
The smell of croissants in a bakery would trigger the __________ phase of gastric secretion.
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
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Growth factors are local regulators that:
A
act as long-distance hormones traveling through the bloodstream
B
trigger apoptosis in distant tissues
C
stimulate nearby cells to grow and divide
D
inhibit the activity of enzymes in the cytoplasm
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of growth factors: Growth factors are signaling molecules that play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes such as growth, division, and differentiation. They are typically proteins or peptides that act locally rather than traveling long distances like hormones.
Eliminate incorrect options: Growth factors do not act as long-distance hormones traveling through the bloodstream. Hormones like insulin or adrenaline perform this function, but growth factors act locally.
Clarify apoptosis: Apoptosis is programmed cell death, and growth factors are not involved in triggering apoptosis in distant tissues. Instead, they promote cell survival and proliferation.
Focus on the correct function: Growth factors stimulate nearby cells to grow and divide. They bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, activating signaling pathways that lead to cell cycle progression and division.
Confirm the inhibition option: Growth factors do not inhibit enzyme activity in the cytoplasm. Instead, they activate intracellular signaling cascades that promote cellular responses such as growth and division.
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