Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true of both transcription and translation?
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15. Gene Expression
Review of Transcription vs. Translation
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Why is RNA synthesis called transcription and protein synthesis called translation?
A
Transcription involves copying DNA into RNA, while translation involves converting RNA into a protein sequence.
B
Transcription is the process of converting proteins into RNA, while translation converts RNA into DNA.
C
Transcription and translation are both processes that occur in the nucleus of the cell.
D
Transcription and translation both involve converting DNA directly into proteins.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to RNA to protein.
Recognize that transcription is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into RNA. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Identify that during transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand. This is why it is called 'transcription' as it involves copying the genetic code.
Understand that translation is the process where the RNA sequence is used to synthesize a protein. This occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes.
Recognize that during translation, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is decoded into a sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain. This is why it is called 'translation' as it involves converting the nucleotide language into the amino acid language of proteins.
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