Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true of transcription but not translation?
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15. Gene Expression
Review of Transcription vs. Translation
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Which statement best describes the relationship between transcription and translation?
A
Both transcription and translation occur simultaneously in eukaryotic cells.
B
Translation converts DNA into proteins, while transcription synthesizes mRNA from proteins.
C
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.
D
Transcription converts DNA into mRNA, while translation synthesizes proteins from mRNA.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to RNA to protein.
Recognize that transcription is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Identify that translation is the process where the mRNA is used as a template to synthesize proteins. This occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically at the ribosome.
Clarify that transcription and translation are separate processes that do not occur simultaneously in eukaryotic cells due to the compartmentalization of the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Conclude that the correct relationship is: Transcription converts DNA into mRNA, while translation synthesizes proteins from mRNA.
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