Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 40m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 12m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

21. Evolution

Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection

General Biology

21. Evolution

Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection

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Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes how Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis fit within the assumed trajectory of the human lineage?

They represent side branches of the human lineage that coexisted with other Homo species but did not directly lead to modern humans.

They are the only known hominins to have used complex language and written communication.

They are examples of early Australopithecus species that evolved into Homo erectus.

They are direct ancestors of Homo sapiens and mark the final evolutionary step before modern humans.

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the context of the human lineage. The human lineage includes various species within the genus Homo, which evolved over millions of years. Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis are part of this lineage but are not direct ancestors of modern humans.

Step 2: Analyze the evolutionary trajectory of Homo species. Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis are considered 'side branches,' meaning they coexisted with other Homo species but did not directly contribute to the lineage leading to Homo sapiens.

Step 3: Evaluate the incorrect options. For example, Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis are not known to have used complex language or written communication, which is a trait associated with modern humans. Additionally, they are not early Australopithecus species, nor are they direct ancestors of Homo sapiens.

Step 4: Consider the fossil evidence and timeline. Fossil records show that Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis lived during periods when other Homo species, including Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, existed. This supports the idea that they were side branches rather than direct ancestors.

Step 5: Conclude that the best description of Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis is that they represent side branches of the human lineage that coexisted with other Homo species but did not directly lead to modern humans.