Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Translation

General Biology

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Translation

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Multiple Choice

How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation?

Bacterial translation uses a 60S ribosomal subunit, while eukaryotic translation uses a 50S subunit.

Bacterial translation can begin before transcription is complete, while eukaryotic translation cannot.

Bacterial translation occurs in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic translation occurs in the nucleus.

Bacterial translation requires a 5' cap on mRNA, while eukaryotic translation does not.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the basic process of translation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template. It involves initiation, elongation, and termination phases.

Identify the cellular location of translation: In bacteria, translation occurs in the cytoplasm because they lack a nucleus. In eukaryotes, translation also occurs in the cytoplasm, but transcription occurs in the nucleus.

Recognize the coupling of transcription and translation in bacteria: In bacteria, translation can begin while transcription is still ongoing because both processes occur in the cytoplasm. This is not possible in eukaryotes due to the separation of transcription (nucleus) and translation (cytoplasm).

Examine ribosomal subunits: Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, composed of 50S and 30S subunits. Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, composed of 60S and 40S subunits. The statement about 60S and 50S subunits in the problem is incorrect.

Consider mRNA modifications: Eukaryotic mRNA typically has a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, which are important for translation initiation and stability. Bacterial mRNA does not have these modifications, relying instead on a ribosome binding site called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.