Multiple Choice
When does the human body use the most ATP?
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7. Energy and Metabolism
ATP
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How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP?
A
By breaking down glucose molecules directly
B
By using the energy from a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane
C
By utilizing the energy from sunlight
D
By converting ADP directly into ATP without any energy input
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of ATP synthase: ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and plays a crucial role in cellular respiration.
Learn about the proton gradient: During cellular respiration, a proton gradient is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is created by the electron transport chain, which pumps protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
Explore how the proton gradient provides energy: The energy required for ATP synthesis comes from the movement of protons down their concentration gradient, from the intermembrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix. This movement occurs through ATP synthase.
Examine the mechanism of ATP synthase: As protons flow through ATP synthase, they cause a conformational change in the enzyme, which facilitates the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. This process is known as chemiosmosis.
Clarify why other options are incorrect: ATP synthase does not directly break down glucose, utilize sunlight, or convert ADP into ATP without energy input. The energy for ATP synthesis is specifically derived from the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain.
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