Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

1. Introduction to Biology

Natural Selection and Evolution

General Biology

1. Introduction to Biology

Natural Selection and Evolution

Previous problemNext problem

Struggling with General Biology?

Join thousands of students who trust us to help them ace their exams!Watch the first video

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains the directional shift in beak length in these birds?

Random mutations caused all birds to develop longer beaks regardless of environmental conditions.

Birds with shorter beaks migrated away, leaving only those with longer beaks.

A change in food availability favored birds with longer beaks, leading to increased survival and reproduction of those individuals.

All birds consciously stretched their beaks to reach food, resulting in longer beaks over generations.

Previous problemNext problem

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of natural selection. Natural selection is a process where individuals with traits that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely to pass those traits to the next generation. This leads to a directional shift in traits within a population over time.

Step 2: Analyze the options provided. Random mutations occur naturally, but they do not cause all individuals to develop the same trait regardless of environmental conditions. Migration can affect population composition but does not explain the evolutionary mechanism behind trait changes. Conscious stretching of beaks is not scientifically valid as traits cannot be altered through effort or intention.

Step 3: Focus on the correct explanation. A change in food availability is an environmental pressure that can favor individuals with traits better suited to accessing the food. Birds with longer beaks may have had a survival advantage, allowing them to reproduce more successfully and pass on the trait for longer beaks to their offspring.

Step 4: Relate this to the concept of adaptation. Over generations, the population of birds would show a directional shift in beak length as the trait for longer beaks becomes more common due to its advantage in the given environment.

Step 5: Conclude that the correct explanation aligns with the principles of natural selection and adaptation, where environmental pressures lead to changes in the frequency of traits within a population over time.