Multiple Choice
In the context of cellular respiration in sea urchins, what is the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)) and oxygen (O\(_2\))?
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8. Respiration
Introduction to Cellular Respiration
Multiple Choice
During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of which of the following across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
A
Electrons through the citric acid cycle
B
Protons (H\(^+\)) down their electrochemical gradient
C
Oxygen into the mitochondrial matrix
D
Glucose into the mitochondria
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process of cellular respiration: Cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is primarily produced during oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria.
Learn about the electron transport chain (ETC): The ETC is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are transferred through protein complexes, and this process drives the pumping of protons (H⁺) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient.
Recognize the role of the proton gradient: The electrochemical gradient of protons (H⁺) across the inner mitochondrial membrane is essential for ATP synthesis. This gradient stores potential energy that is used to drive ATP production.
Understand chemiosmosis and ATP synthase: Protons (H⁺) flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, a protein complex embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This movement down their electrochemical gradient powers the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Identify the correct answer: The net movement of protons (H⁺) down their electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is the direct result of ATP formation during oxidative phosphorylation.
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