Multiple Choice
The continued decline of bees in the United States is most likely due to __________.
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1. Introduction to Biology
Natural Selection and Evolution
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Which of the following best describes the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
A
Primary succession is faster than secondary succession because it starts with more nutrients.
B
Primary succession happens after a forest fire, while secondary succession happens on volcanic lava flows.
C
Primary succession involves only animal colonization, while secondary succession involves only plant colonization.
D
Primary succession occurs on newly formed or exposed surfaces where no soil exists, while secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present after a disturbance.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. It can be categorized into primary and secondary succession.
Define primary succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil exists initially, such as newly formed volcanic lava flows or areas exposed by retreating glaciers. The process begins with pioneer species, like lichens and mosses, which can colonize bare rock and contribute to soil formation.
Define secondary succession: Secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present but the ecosystem has been disturbed, such as after a forest fire, flood, or human activity like farming. It typically progresses faster than primary succession because the soil and nutrients are already available.
Compare the two types of succession: The main difference is that primary succession starts on surfaces without soil, requiring the formation of soil over time, while secondary succession starts in areas where soil is already present, allowing plants and animals to recolonize more quickly.
Apply the definitions to the options provided: Evaluate each option based on the definitions of primary and secondary succession. The correct answer is the one that accurately describes the distinction between the two processes, which is that primary succession occurs on newly formed or exposed surfaces without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil after a disturbance.
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