Multiple Choice
The mutation resulting in the sickle-cell allele causes which of the following changes in the hemoglobin protein?
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15. Gene Expression
Mutations
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Which of the following statements applies to frameshift mutations?
A
Frameshift mutations only occur in non-coding regions of DNA.
B
Frameshift mutations result from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that are not in multiples of three.
C
Frameshift mutations do not affect the protein sequence.
D
Frameshift mutations are caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand what a frameshift mutation is: A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, and these changes are not in multiples of three. This alters the reading frame of the genetic code.
Recognize the impact of frameshift mutations: Since the genetic code is read in triplets (codons), any insertion or deletion that is not a multiple of three will shift the reading frame, potentially altering every subsequent codon and thus the entire protein sequence.
Evaluate the given statements: The statement 'Frameshift mutations result from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that are not in multiples of three' correctly describes frameshift mutations.
Consider the incorrect statements: 'Frameshift mutations only occur in non-coding regions of DNA' is incorrect because frameshift mutations can occur in both coding and non-coding regions, but they have a significant impact when they occur in coding regions.
Analyze the remaining incorrect statements: 'Frameshift mutations do not affect the protein sequence' is incorrect because they do affect the protein sequence, and 'Frameshift mutations are caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide' is incorrect because substitutions do not cause frameshifts; they cause point mutations.
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