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Multiple Choice
How do new species evolve from pre-existing species through the mechanism known as vertical evolution?
A
By the sudden appearance of entirely new genetic material from external sources
B
By the accumulation of genetic mutations and natural selection within a single lineage over time
C
By the fusion of two different species to form a hybrid species
D
By the direct transfer of genes between unrelated species through horizontal gene transfer
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the concept of vertical evolution: Vertical evolution refers to the process by which new species evolve from pre-existing species within a single lineage over time. This occurs through the accumulation of genetic mutations and the action of natural selection.
Clarify the role of genetic mutations: Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that occur naturally. These mutations can introduce new traits or variations within a population, some of which may provide a survival or reproductive advantage.
Explain natural selection: Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation. Over time, this can lead to significant changes in the population's genetic makeup.
Distinguish vertical evolution from other mechanisms: Vertical evolution is different from horizontal gene transfer (direct transfer of genes between unrelated species) or hybridization (fusion of two species). Vertical evolution focuses on changes within a single lineage over time.
Summarize the process: New species evolve through vertical evolution by the gradual accumulation of genetic mutations and the selective pressures of natural selection, leading to adaptations and divergence from the original species.