Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly lists the structures, in order, that are responsible for hearing, starting with the arrival of a sound wave?
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes hormonal up-regulation in cell signaling?
A
The breakdown of hormones by lysosomes within the cell.
B
A decrease in the number of hormone receptors on the cell surface in response to high hormone levels.
C
The inhibition of second messenger production after hormone binding.
D
An increase in the number of hormone receptors on the cell surface in response to low hormone levels.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of hormonal up-regulation. Hormonal up-regulation refers to the process by which a cell increases the number of hormone receptors on its surface in response to low levels of a specific hormone. This allows the cell to become more sensitive to the hormone and maintain proper signaling.
Step 2: Analyze the options provided in the question. Each option describes a different cellular process related to hormones, but only one aligns with the definition of up-regulation.
Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options. For example, 'The breakdown of hormones by lysosomes within the cell' refers to hormone degradation, not up-regulation. Similarly, 'A decrease in the number of hormone receptors on the cell surface in response to high hormone levels' describes down-regulation, which is the opposite of up-regulation. Lastly, 'The inhibition of second messenger production after hormone binding' refers to a signaling pathway modification, not receptor regulation.
Step 4: Identify the correct option. The correct description of hormonal up-regulation is 'An increase in the number of hormone receptors on the cell surface in response to low hormone levels.' This matches the definition of up-regulation and explains how cells adapt to low hormone availability.
Step 5: Conclude that understanding the difference between up-regulation and down-regulation is crucial for interpreting how cells respond to changes in hormone levels. Up-regulation increases sensitivity to hormones, while down-regulation decreases sensitivity.
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