Multiple Choice
Which of the following cell types is derived from the lymphoid cell line?
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
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Which of the following best describes the role of a second messenger in cell signaling pathways?
A
It relays a signal from a receptor on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.
B
It acts as the primary ligand that binds to the receptor.
C
It directly phosphorylates proteins in the nucleus.
D
It transports signaling molecules between different cells.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of cell signaling: Cell signaling involves communication between cells using signaling molecules. These molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface, initiating a cascade of events inside the cell.
Define the role of a second messenger: A second messenger is a small molecule or ion that relays signals from the receptor (on the cell surface) to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the signal and triggering specific cellular responses.
Eliminate incorrect options: Analyze each option provided in the problem. For example, the second messenger does not act as the primary ligand (the molecule that initially binds to the receptor), nor does it directly phosphorylate proteins in the nucleus or transport signaling molecules between cells.
Focus on the correct description: The second messenger's role is to relay the signal from the receptor to intracellular targets, often amplifying the signal and enabling the cell to respond appropriately.
Relate to examples: Common second messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP), calcium ions (Ca²⁺), and inositol triphosphate (IP₃). These molecules play critical roles in various signaling pathways, such as those regulating metabolism, gene expression, and cell growth.
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