Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

11. Cell Division

Interphase

General Biology

11. Cell Division

Interphase

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1:47 minutes

Problem 9

Textbook Question

If a cell at G₁ contains four picograms of DNA, how many picograms of DNA will it contain at the end of the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. 0
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the cell cycle phases: The G1 phase is the first gap phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. The S phase (synthesis phase) is where DNA replication occurs, doubling the amount of DNA in the cell.

Identify the amount of DNA in the cell during G1: The problem states that the cell contains 4 picograms of DNA during the G1 phase.

Recognize what happens during the S phase: During the S phase, the DNA is replicated, meaning the amount of DNA doubles to ensure that each daughter cell will receive a complete set of genetic material after cell division.

Calculate the DNA content at the end of the S phase: To determine the DNA content, multiply the amount of DNA in G1 by 2. Use the formula:

DNA = G1 \times 2

Conclude the DNA content: After the S phase, the cell will contain twice the amount of DNA it had in G1. This step ensures understanding of the doubling process during DNA replication.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It consists of interphase (which includes G1, S, and G2 phases) and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell prepares for division, and the S phase is specifically when DNA replication occurs, doubling the amount of DNA in the cell.

DNA Replication

DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, where each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome, effectively doubling the total amount of DNA present in the cell.

Picogram Measurement

A picogram is a unit of mass equal to one trillionth of a gram (10^-12 grams). In the context of DNA measurement, it is used to quantify the amount of DNA present in a cell. Understanding this measurement is crucial for interpreting the amount of DNA before and after the S phase, as it helps in calculating the total DNA content after replication.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Which of the following occurs during S phase?

a. Condensation of the chromosomes

b. Replication of the DNA

c. Separation of sister chromatids

d. Spindle formation

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Textbook Question

Cell A has half as much DNA as cells B, C, and D in a mitotically active tissue. Cell A is most likely in

a. G1

b. G2

c. Prophase

d. Metaphase

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Textbook Question

A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in a cell doubled

a. Between prophase and anaphase of mitosis

b. Between the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle

c. During the M phase of the cell cycle

d. Between prophase I and prophase II of meiosis

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Textbook Question

A particular cell type spends 4 hours in G1 phase, 2 hours in S-phase, 2 hours in G2 phase, and 30 minutes in M-phase. If a pulse-chase experiment were performed with radioactive thymidine on an asynchronous culture of such cells, what percentage of mitotic cells would be radiolabeled 9 hours after the pulse?

a. 0 percent

b. 50 percent

c. 75 percent

d. 100 percent

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following are replicated during interphase?

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Multiple Choice

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?