Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

40. Circulatory System

Circulatory and Respiratory Anatomy

General Biology

40. Circulatory System

Circulatory and Respiratory Anatomy

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1:12 minutes

Problem 2

Textbook Question

Label the parts of the human respiratory system.
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Identify part 'a' as the nasal cavity, which is the primary entry point for air into the respiratory system.

Label part 'b' as the pharynx, a muscular tube that serves as a pathway for air from the nasal cavity to the larynx.

Label part 'c' as the larynx, also known as the voice box, which is involved in sound production and directs air into the trachea.

Label part 'd' as the trachea, a tube reinforced with cartilage rings that transports air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Label parts 'e', 'f', 'g', and 'h' as components of the lungs: 'e' is the bronchi, 'f' is the heart (not part of the respiratory system but visible in the image), 'g' is the alveoli where gas exchange occurs, and 'h' is the diaphragm, a muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

The human respiratory system consists of various structures that facilitate breathing and gas exchange. Key components include the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Each part plays a specific role, such as filtering air, producing sound, and allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

Gas Exchange Mechanism

Gas exchange occurs primarily in the alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is expelled. This process relies on diffusion, where gases move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration, ensuring efficient oxygen delivery to tissues and removal of waste gases.

Respiratory Cycle

The respiratory cycle consists of two main phases: inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation involves the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs. Exhalation is typically passive, where these muscles relax, allowing the lungs to deflate and expel air.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?

a. The lungs of a vertebrate

b. The gills of a fish

c. The tracheal system of an insect

d. The skin of an earthworm

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Textbook Question

Use the following diagram to review the flow of blood through a human cardiovascular system. Label the indicated parts, highlight the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood, and then trace the flow of blood by numbering the circles from 1 to 10, starting with 1 in the right ventricle. (When two locations are equivalent in the pathway, such as right and left lung capillaries or capillaries of top and lower portion of the body, assign them the same number.)

Which of the following statements regarding the insect tracheal system is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement.

T/F Tracheae dilate and constrict during flight or other types of movement, functioning as a 'breathing' mechanism.

T/F Spiracles open into the body cavity, allowing direct contact between the air and hemolymph.

T/F Tracheae carry oxygen to alveoli; here the oxygen diffuses into the hemolymph to be delivered to tissues.

T/F Spiracles can close to minimize water loss.

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Textbook Question

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

a. Left atrium

b. Right atrium

c. Left ventricle

d. Right ventricle

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Textbook Question

Identify at least two advantages of breathing air instead of water.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following body systems facilitates (but doesn't regulate) the functions of the other systems? respiratory system endocrine system digestive system circulatory system

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is the main difference between your cardiovascular system and that of a fish?

a. Your heart has two chambers; a fish heart has four.

b. Your circulation has two circuits; fish circulation has one.

c. Your heart chambers are called atria and ventricles.

d. Yours is a closed system; the fish's is an open system.

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Textbook Question

Describe the disadvantages of an open circulatory system relative to a closed circulatory system.