Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Translation

General Biology

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Translation

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2:08 minutes

Problem 6

Textbook Question

Translation results in the production of ________.
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. Protein
d. Individual amino acids
e. Transfer RNA molecules

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the process of translation: Translation is the second step of gene expression, where the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize a polypeptide (protein). This occurs in the ribosome.

Recall the role of mRNA: During translation, mRNA provides the template that specifies the sequence of amino acids in the protein. Each codon (a sequence of three nucleotides) in the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Identify the role of transfer RNA (tRNA): tRNA molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence in the mRNA. They have anticodons that pair with the mRNA codons.

Understand the end product of translation: The ribosome links the amino acids together in the correct sequence to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a functional protein. Translation does not produce RNA, DNA, or individual amino acids as the final product.

Eliminate incorrect options: RNA and DNA are involved in earlier steps of gene expression (transcription and replication, respectively). Individual amino acids are used as building blocks during translation, but they are not the final product. Transfer RNA molecules assist in translation but are not the end result. The correct answer is protein.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Translation

Translation is the biological process in which ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. During this process, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to form a polypeptide chain, ultimately folding into a functional protein.

Role of mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template for translation, carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome. It is transcribed from DNA and contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that specify particular amino acids. The sequence of codons in mRNA determines the order of amino acids in the resulting protein.

Amino Acids and Proteins

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides. There are 20 different amino acids, and the specific sequence in which they are arranged determines the structure and function of the protein. Proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, including catalyzing reactions, providing structural support, and regulating cellular activities.