Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Translation

General Biology

15. Gene Expression

Introduction to Translation

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0:24 minutes

Problem 5

Textbook Question

Which component is directly involved in translation?

A. RNA polymerase
B. ribosome
C. spliceosome
D. DNA

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the process of translation: Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Identify the role of each component listed: RNA polymerase is involved in transcription, not translation. Spliceosome is involved in the processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes. DNA is the genetic material that is transcribed into RNA.

Focus on the ribosome: The ribosome is the molecular machine in the cell that facilitates the docking and assembly of tRNAs which match the mRNA codons. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Connect the ribosome to the translation process: During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, reads its base sequence, and uses the genetic code to translate the sequence of base triplets in mRNA into an amino acid sequence.

Conclude which component is directly involved in translation: Based on the roles of the components listed, the ribosome is directly involved in the translation process.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Translation

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template. During translation, the ribosome reads the sequence of codons in the mRNA and assembles the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain, ultimately folding into a functional protein.

Ribosome

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine found within all living cells that facilitates the translation of mRNA into proteins. It consists of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and it has two subunits that come together during protein synthesis to read the mRNA and catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is organized into codons, each of which specifies a particular amino acid, guiding the ribosome in assembling the correct protein.