Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

12. Meiosis

Meiosis I

General Biology

12. Meiosis

Meiosis I

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4:07 minutes

Problem 10

Textbook Question

After telophase I of meiosis, each daughter cell is ________.
a. Diploid, and the chromosomes are composed of one double-stranded DNA molecule.
b. Diploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids.
c. Haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of one double-stranded DNA molecule.
d. Haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the process of meiosis: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in haploid cells. It consists of two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids.

Focus on telophase I: During telophase I, the homologous chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) are separated into two daughter cells. This marks the end of meiosis I, and the chromosome number is halved, making the cells haploid.

Recall the chromosome structure: At the end of telophase I, each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere. These chromatids are identical copies of DNA that were replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Determine the ploidy: Since homologous chromosomes are separated during meiosis I, the resulting daughter cells are haploid. Each cell contains one set of chromosomes, rather than the two sets found in diploid cells.

Combine the information: After telophase I, each daughter cell is haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids. This matches option d in the problem.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid daughter cells. It consists of two sequential divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids. This process is essential for sexual reproduction, as it produces gametes with genetic diversity.

Haploid vs. Diploid

Haploid (n) cells contain one set of chromosomes, while diploid (2n) cells have two sets. In humans, somatic cells are diploid, containing 46 chromosomes, whereas gametes (sperm and egg) are haploid, containing 23 chromosomes. After meiosis I, the resulting daughter cells are haploid, as they contain only one set of chromosomes, which is crucial for maintaining the chromosome number across generations during fertilization.

Chromatids

Chromatids are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome, joined together at a region called the centromere. During meiosis, after DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. In telophase I of meiosis, the cells are haploid, and each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids, which will be separated in meiosis II.

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