What community property does the red arrow in the model represent?
a. Low resilience
b. High resilience
c. Low resistance
d. High resistance

What does species richness refer to? Select True or False for each statement.

T/Fthe number of species in an area

T/Fthe evenness of species in an area

T/Fthe functional diversity of a species in an area

T/Fthe phylogenetic diversity of species in an area

Carbon dioxide functions as a greenhouse gas by ________.

a. Interfering with water's ability to absorb heat.

b. Increasing the random molecular motions of oxygen.

c. Allowing radiation from the sun to reach Earth and absorbing the re-radiated heat.

d. Splitting into carbon and oxygen and increasing the rate of cellular respiration.

The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO₂ in Earth's atmosphere over the past 150 years is

a. Increased worldwide primary production

b. Increased worldwide standing crop

c. An increase in the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by the atmosphere

d. The burning of larger amounts of wood and fossil fuels

Which of these statements best describes what conservation biologists mean by 'the rapid loss of biodiversity'?

a. Introduced species, such as starlings and zebra mussels, have rapidly expanded their ranges.

b. Harvests of marine fishes, such as cod and bluefin tuna, are declining.

c. The current species extinction rate is as much as 100 times greater than at any time in the past 100,000 years.

d. Many potential medicines are being lost as plant species become extinct.

A mass extinction

a. Is global in scale

b. Affects many different groups of organisms

c. Is caused only by human activity

d. A and B are correct

e. A, B, and C are correct

An ecological footprint

a. Is the position an individual holds in the ecological food chain

b. Estimates the total land area required to support a particular person or human population

c. Is equal to the size of a human population

d. Helps determine the most appropriate wastewater treatment plan for a community

e. Is often smaller than the actual land footprint of residences in a city

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity?

a. Overharvesting of commercially important species

b. Habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction

c. Introduced species that compete with native species

d. Novel pathogens

The discipline that applies ecological principles to returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state is known as

a. Restoration ecology

b. Thermodynamics

c. Eutrophication

d. Biogeochemistry