Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

47. Muscle Systems

Musculoskeletal System

General Biology

47. Muscle Systems

Musculoskeletal System

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1:36 minutes

Problem 3

Textbook Question

Which of the following is critical to the function of most exoskeletons, endoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons?
a. Muscles interact with the skeleton in antagonistic groups.
b. Muscles attach to each of these types of skeletons via tendons.
c. Muscles extend joints by pushing skeletal elements.
d. Segments of the body or limbs are extended when paired muscles relax in unison.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of muscles in skeletal systems: Muscles are essential for movement and function in all types of skeletons, including exoskeletons, endoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.

Recognize the concept of antagonistic muscle groups: In many organisms, muscles work in pairs known as antagonistic groups, where one muscle contracts while the other relaxes, allowing for movement.

Consider how muscles interact with different types of skeletons: Muscles typically attach to skeletons via tendons, which are strong connective tissues that transmit the force generated by muscle contraction to the skeletal elements.

Evaluate the mechanism of joint movement: Muscles generally do not push skeletal elements; instead, they pull on them to create movement. This is a key aspect of how muscles extend or flex joints.

Analyze the role of muscle relaxation in movement: Movement often involves the coordinated relaxation and contraction of paired muscles, allowing for smooth and controlled extension of body segments or limbs.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Muscle-Skeleton Interaction

Muscle-skeleton interaction is crucial for movement in organisms with exoskeletons, endoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons. Muscles work in antagonistic pairs, where one muscle contracts while the other relaxes, allowing for precise control of movement. This interaction is essential for locomotion and various bodily functions.

Tendon Attachment

Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones or other structures, facilitating movement. In organisms with exoskeletons, endoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons, tendons play a critical role in transmitting the force generated by muscle contractions to the skeleton, enabling movement and stability.

Antagonistic Muscle Groups

Antagonistic muscle groups consist of pairs of muscles that work against each other to create movement. When one muscle contracts, the opposing muscle relaxes, allowing for joint extension or flexion. This mechanism is vital for the function of various skeleton types, ensuring coordinated and controlled movements.

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Arm muscles and leg muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. How does this affect their functioning?

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Which of the following animals is correctly matched with its type of skeleton?

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