Multiple Choice
Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism through the secretion of thyroxine ($T_4$) and triiodothyronine ($T_3$)?
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43. Endocrine System
Endocrine System
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Which of the following examples is a true statement about the differences between hormones and neurotransmitters?
A
Neurotransmitters produce slow, long-acting responses, whereas hormones produce rapid, brief responses.
B
Neurotransmitters are released from ductless glands into the blood, whereas hormones are secreted into synapses.
C
Some endocrine glands release neurotransmitters, but no nervous tissue releases hormones.
D
All of the listed responses are correct.
E
Neurotransmitters are secreted chemicals that diffuse a short distance, whereas hormones travel through the bloodstream to the target cell.
Verified step by step guidance1
Begin by understanding the basic definitions of hormones and neurotransmitters. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream, affecting distant target cells. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons into synapses, affecting nearby cells.
Consider the speed and duration of action. Neurotransmitters typically act quickly and have short-lived effects, as they are involved in rapid communication between neurons. Hormones generally have slower onset and longer-lasting effects, as they regulate various physiological processes over time.
Examine the release mechanisms. Hormones are released from ductless glands directly into the bloodstream, allowing them to travel throughout the body. Neurotransmitters are released into synapses, the small gaps between neurons, allowing them to affect adjacent neurons or muscle cells.
Evaluate the statement about endocrine glands and nervous tissue. While endocrine glands primarily release hormones, some neurons can release hormones, such as oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
Finally, analyze the given options. The correct statement is that neurotransmitters are secreted chemicals that diffuse a short distance, whereas hormones travel through the bloodstream to the target cell. This highlights the key difference in their mode of transport and range of action.
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