What is true about inducible defenses? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F They are always present; thus, an individual is always able to defend itself.
T/F They make it impossible for a consumer to launch surprise attacks.
T/F They result from a coevolutionary arms race.
T/F They make efficient use of resources, because they are produced only when needed.

What is niche differentiation?

a. The evolution of traits that reduce niche overlap and competition

b. Interactions that allow species to occupy their fundamental niche

c. The degree to which the niches of two species overlap

d. The claim that species with the same niche cannot coexist

Compare and contrast the species interactions of mutualism, predation, and competition.

The principle of competitive exclusion states that

a. Two species cannot coexist in the same habitat.

b. Competition between two species always causes extinction or emigration of one species.

c. Two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in a community.

d. Two species will stop reproducing until one species leaves the habitat.

The relationship between corals and the photosynthetic protists they harbor is an example of

a. Commensalism.

b. Competition.

c. Consumption.

d. Mutualism

To ensure adequate nitrogen for a crop, a farmer would want to decrease _________ by soil bacteria.

a. Nitrification

b. Denitrification

c. Nitrogen fixation

d. a and c

Cite an example to explain why species interactions are conditional and dynamic.

Evaluate this statement: Species want to increase their fitness by helping friendly species and hurting enemy species.