Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

4. Biomolecules

Introduction to Biomolecules

General Biology

4. Biomolecules

Introduction to Biomolecules

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1:12 minutes

Problem 1

Textbook Question

List the four biological molecules commonly found in living organisms.

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Identify the main categories of biological molecules that are essential for life processes in all living organisms.

Recognize that these molecules are often referred to as 'macromolecules' because they are large molecules composed of smaller subunits.

Note that these macromolecules can be classified into four major types based on their chemical composition and the roles they play in the cell.

List the four types of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Understand that each type of molecule has a unique structure and function in the body, contributing to the overall health and operation of living organisms.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They serve as a primary energy source for living organisms and are also important for structural functions in cells. Common examples include sugars like glucose and polysaccharides like starch and cellulose.

Proteins

Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They play crucial roles in the body, including catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication between cells. The specific sequence of amino acids determines a protein's unique structure and function.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers. DNA stores and transmits genetic information, while RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis and gene expression. These molecules are essential for heredity and the functioning of all living cells.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?

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Multiple Choice

The most abundant bulk elements that make up the vast majority of living organisms are:

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules is NOT considered a macromolecule?

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Textbook Question

What are the two main functions of nutrients?

Complete the following table to help you review the structures and functions of the four classes of organic molecules.

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Textbook Question

Micronutrients ________.

a. Include vitamins and carbohydrates.

b. Are not metabolized to produce energy.

c. Contain more energy than fatty acids.

d. Can be synthesized by most cells.

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Textbook Question

Construct a table that organizes the following terms, and label the columns and rows.

Monosaccharides

Fatty acids

Amino acids

Nucleotides

Polypeptides

Triacylglycerols

Polynucleotides

Polysaccharides

Phosphodiester linkages

Peptide bonds

Glycosidic linkages

Ester linkages

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Textbook Question

Given that the function of egg yolk is to nourish and support the developing chick, explain why egg yolks are so high in fat, protein, and cholesterol.

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