Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biology2h 42m
2. Chemistry3h 37m
3. Water1h 26m
4. Biomolecules2h 23m
5. Cell Components2h 26m
6. The Membrane2h 31m
7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
8. Respiration2h 40m
9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
10. Cell Signaling59m
11. Cell Division2h 47m
12. Meiosis2h 0m
13. Mendelian Genetics4h 44m
14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
15. Gene Expression3h 6m
16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
17. Viruses37m
- Viruses
  37m
18. Biotechnology2h 58m
19. Genomics17m
- Genomes
  17m
20. Development1h 5m
21. Evolution3h 1m
22. Evolution of Populations3h 53m
23. Speciation1h 37m
24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
25. Phylogeny2h 31m
26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
27. Protists1h 12m
28. Plants1h 22m
29. Fungi36m
- Fungi
  19m
- Fungi Reproduction
  17m
30. Overview of Animals34m
- Overview of Animals
  34m
31. Invertebrates1h 2m
32. Vertebrates50m
33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
34. Vascular Plant Transport1h 2m
- Water Potential
  1h 2m
35. Soil37m
- Soil and Nutrients
  20m
- Nitrogen Fixation
  16m
36. Plant Reproduction47m
- Flowers
  33m
- Seeds
  14m
37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
39. Digestive System1h 10m
- Digestion
  1h 3m
- Blood Sugar Homeostasis
  7m
40. Circulatory System1h 49m
41. Immune System1h 12m
42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- Osmoregulation and Excretion
  50m
43. Endocrine System1h 4m
- Endocrine System
  1h 4m
44. Animal Reproduction1h 2m
- Animal Reproduction
  1h 2m
45. Nervous System1h 55m
- Neurons and Action Potentials
  1h 8m
- Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  46m
46. Sensory Systems46m
- Sensory System
  46m
47. Muscle Systems23m
- Musculoskeletal System
  23m
48. Ecology3h 11m
49. Animal Behavior28m
- Animal Behavior
  28m
50. Population Ecology3h 41m
51. Community Ecology2h 46m
52. Ecosystems2h 36m
53. Conservation Biology24m
- Conservation Biology
  24m

47. Muscle Systems

Musculoskeletal System

General Biology

47. Muscle Systems

Musculoskeletal System

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1:17 minutes

Problem 7

Textbook Question

When a dog is running fast, its body position is stabilized by
a. Side-to-side undulation
b. Energy stored in tendons
c. Foot contact with the ground
d. Its momentum

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context of the question: The problem is asking about the mechanism that helps stabilize a dog's body position when it is running fast. This involves understanding biomechanics and how animals maintain stability during rapid movement.

Analyze the options provided: Each option represents a potential mechanism. For example, side-to-side undulation (a) refers to lateral body movements, energy stored in tendons (b) relates to elastic energy, foot contact with the ground (c) involves physical interaction with the surface, and momentum (d) refers to the forward motion of the body.

Recall relevant biological concepts: Dogs, like many animals, use a combination of biomechanical strategies to stabilize their movement. Tendons can store and release elastic energy, which helps in efficient locomotion. Momentum contributes to forward motion but does not directly stabilize the body. Foot contact with the ground provides stability and traction, while side-to-side undulation is more common in animals like snakes or fish.

Evaluate the most likely answer: Consider which mechanism is most directly responsible for stabilizing the body during fast running. Tendons storing energy (b) is more about energy efficiency, while foot contact with the ground (c) is crucial for stability. Momentum (d) helps maintain motion but does not stabilize the body position. Side-to-side undulation (a) is not typical for dogs.

Conclude the reasoning process: Based on the analysis, the stabilization of a dog's body position during fast running is most likely due to foot contact with the ground, as it provides the necessary traction and balance to maintain stability.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Momentum

Momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity, representing the quantity of motion an object has. In the context of a running dog, momentum helps maintain stability as it moves quickly, allowing it to resist changes in its motion and direction. A dog with greater momentum can better navigate turns and maintain balance while running.

Tendon Elasticity

Tendons connect muscles to bones and can store elastic energy when stretched. During running, a dog's tendons absorb energy during the landing phase and release it during the push-off phase, aiding in propulsion and stability. This elastic energy contributes to efficient movement and helps stabilize the dog's body position.

Foot Contact Dynamics

Foot contact with the ground is crucial for stability and balance during running. The timing and placement of each foot's contact point affect how a dog maintains its posture and direction. Proper foot placement allows for effective force transfer and helps the dog adjust its body position dynamically while in motion.

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Which of the following statements about skeletons is true?

a. Chitin is a major component of vertebrate skeletons.

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