Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a fluid mosaic of lipids and proteins, allowing lateral movement of molecules.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and may burst (lyse).

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse across a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$out and potassium ions ($$K^+) in$$, both against their concentration gradients. Which process is responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump using ATP

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will undergo plasmolysis as the membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific receptor proteins to internalize particular molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 13

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which cell junction is responsible for preventing leakage of extracellular fluid between animal cells, such as in the bladder?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 15

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional aquaporins. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of water

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why small cells are more efficient than large cells in exchanging materials with their environment?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a greater surface area to volume ratio.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of cotransport in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Coupling the transport of sucrose into the cell with the movement of $$H^+$$ down its gradient

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It helps bind cells together and facilitates communication.

Question 19

A nerve cell releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, triggering a response in a neighboring cell. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic signaling

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ligand-gated ion channels in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions to pass through the membrane when a specific ligand binds, triggering a cellular response.

A Tour of the Cell & Membrane Transport: Structure, Function, and Communication

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