Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three needs that an adequate animal diet must satisfy?

Accepted Answer

Supply chemical energy, organic building blocks, and essential nutrients

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential nutrient for humans?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

A child develops a neural tube defect during pregnancy. Which dietary deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Question 4

Which feeding mechanism is illustrated by a whale using baleen to capture small organisms from water?

Accepted Answer

Filter feeding

Question 5

What is the main difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical digestion increases surface area, while chemical digestion breaks bonds using hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of absorption in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of small molecules by body cells

Question 7

A person with a diet lacking in essential amino acids would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inability to synthesize some proteins

Question 8

Which organ is responsible for producing bile, and what is the primary function of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Liver; emulsifies fats

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why herbivores generally have longer alimentary canals than carnivores?

Accepted Answer

Herbivores need more time to digest cellulose-rich plant material

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by the stomach wall and triggers feelings of hunger before meals?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following best describes the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis closes trachea, bolus moves into esophagus, peristalsis pushes food to stomach

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal vein in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine to the liver

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Recovery of water and formation of feces

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mutualistic bacteria are important in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

They produce vitamins and help regulate the immune system

Question 16

A person is found to have sugar in their urine. Which disease is most likely indicated, and what is the physiological explanation?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes; kidneys cannot reabsorb all glucose due to high blood levels

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the enzymatic hydrolysis of a peptide bond during chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Protein} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Smaller peptides or amino acids}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of chylomicrons in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

They transport absorbed fats through the lymphatic system

Question 19

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and helps suppress appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 20

A grasshopper has a digestive system with a crop, gastric cecae, and hindgut. What is the primary function of the gastric cecae?

Accepted Answer

Absorption and enzymatic digestion

Animal Nutrition and Digestive Systems: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions