$$\text{Energy intake} = \text{Energy used in metabolism} + \text{Energy stored} + \text{Energy lost as waste}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major nutritional needs met by an animal’s diet?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating metabolic wastes from the body

Question 2

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be absorbed in preassembled form because the organism cannot synthesize it

Question 3

A person who eats both plant and animal products is classified as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Omnivore

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a vitamin’s function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a coenzyme or part of a coenzyme

Question 5

Which stage of food processing involves the breakdown of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Question 6

Mechanical digestion differs from chemical digestion in that mechanical digestion:

Accepted Answer

Physically breaks food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical structure

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a class of essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 8

A deficiency in which of the following would most likely result in impaired protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Essential amino acids

Question 9

Which of the following best describes glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of glucose levels in the blood to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 10

Which adaptation would you expect to find in a herbivore’s digestive system compared to a carnivore’s?

Accepted Answer

Specialized teeth for grinding plant material

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-life example of malnourishment?

Accepted Answer

A child developing scurvy due to a lack of vitamin C

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the energy balance in an animal’s diet?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy intake} = 	ext{Energy used in metabolism} + 	ext{Energy stored} + 	ext{Energy lost as waste}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic modes of how animals extract resources?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 14

A person who consumes a diet lacking in essential fatty acids may experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired cell membrane function

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase breaking down starch into maltose in the mouth

Question 16

Which of the following statements about vitamins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are required in very small amounts and often function as coenzymes

Question 17

If an animal cannot synthesize a particular amino acid, this amino acid is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An essential amino acid

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why glucose homeostasis is important for human health?

Accepted Answer

It prevents dangerous fluctuations in blood sugar that can lead to conditions like diabetes

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a diet deficient in essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to synthesize proteins

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of absorption in food processing?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of small nutrient molecules by cells lining the digestive tract

Animal Nutrition: Essential Nutrients, Food Processing, and Adaptations

Study Guide - Practice Questions