Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic processes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic processes break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy, while anabolic processes build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input.

Question 2

A reaction has $$\Delta G = +334 kJ/$$mol. Which of the following statements is correct about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is endergonic and absorbs energy.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy due to position or structure.

Question 4

Which molecule contains more free energy: ATP or glucose? Why?

Accepted Answer

Glucose, because it contains more chemical bonds and can be broken down to produce more ATP.

Question 5

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what happens to energy as it flows through an organism or ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transformed from one form to another, but the total amount remains constant.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main ways energy consumed by an organism is used?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The energy required to start a reaction.

Question 8

How do enzymes affect the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower $$E_a$$, making reactions proceed faster.

Question 9

Where does the substrate bind on an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

At the active site

Question 10

After a chemical reaction, what happens to the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction?

Accepted Answer

It remains unchanged and can catalyze more reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following environmental variables does NOT affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Color of the enzyme

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cofactors in enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Cofactors are non-protein molecules that help enzymes function properly.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibitors is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme inhibitors can decrease enzyme activity by blocking the active site or altering enzyme shape.

Question 14

A molecule is oxidized during a reaction. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It lost electrons.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$P_i$$

Question 16

If an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is placed in an environment with a pH far from its optimum, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will denature and lose its function.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between $$\Delta G$$ and the spontaneity of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

If $$\Delta G is $$negative, the reaction is spontaneous.

Question 18

A patient is given a drug that acts as a competitive inhibitor for a key metabolic enzyme. What is the most likely effect on the enzyme's activity?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's active site will be blocked, reducing its activity.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

The chemical bonds in a molecule of glucose

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for reactions to proceed.

Bio 101 Chapter 8 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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