Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A functioning heart can pump blood, but isolated heart cells cannot perform this function alone.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She applies the fertilizer to one group of plants and leaves another group untreated. She measures the height of the plants weekly. In this experiment, which is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The height of the plants

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Ice is denser than liquid water, causing it to sink in lakes and oceans.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their structure.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 9

A patient with sickle cell disease has a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin. This mutation causes a single amino acid substitution. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that helps maintain temperature stability in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water releases heat when hydrogen bonds form, moderating temperature changes.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more stable and keep water molecules farther apart.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The secretion of insulin lowers blood glucose levels, which in turn reduces insulin secretion.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the layer.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct summary of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They occur in the thylakoid membranes and produce ATP and NADPH.

Question 18

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced as protons flow through ATP synthase down their electrochemical gradient.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$}$$

BIO 101 Midterm Exam Study Guide: Core Concepts in Biology

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