Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 2

A scientist is using a light microscope to observe a cell. She increases the magnification but the image becomes blurry and she cannot distinguish two close points. Which property of the microscope is limiting her observation?

Accepted Answer

Resolution

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and synthesizing lipids in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

Question 5

A mutation causes a cell to produce nonfunctional lysosomes. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules within the cell

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting tension and maintaining cell shape, and is composed of actin protein?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. This cell is most likely from which type of organism, and what is the primary function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Plant; storage of water, ions, and waste products

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the structure of cilia and flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both have a '9+2' arrangement of microtubules, which allows for movement.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily composed of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps regulate cell behavior.

Question 13

Which intercellular junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 14

A researcher observes that a protein is synthesized by a ribosome attached to the rough ER. What is the most likely destination for this protein?

Accepted Answer

It will be secreted from the cell or sent to an organelle.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between free and bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for membranes or secretion.

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal component is most important for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 17

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the structure of intermediate filaments. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Fragile skin and easily damaged tissues due to loss of mechanical strength

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 19

Which intercellular junction is unique to plant cells and allows for the movement of water and small solutes between cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 20

A cell is unable to maintain its shape and internal organization, and organelles are not held in place. Which cellular structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

BIO 111 Week 5 Review: Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards