BIOL 2107K Principles of Biology

Course Introduction

BIOL 2107K is a foundational course in the biological sciences, designed for students majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. The course introduces students to essential biological principles, focusing on the chemistry of life, the cell, metabolism, photosynthesis, mitosis, meiosis, genetics, and biotechnology. It is a core IMPACTS course, emphasizing the development of scientific skills and knowledge necessary for advanced study in biology and related disciplines.

• Prerequisite: Passing or exempting READ 0099.

• Textbook: Campbell, Biology in Focus, Third Edition, Pearson Publishers.

• Lab Safety: Goggles and lab coats are required for laboratory sessions.

Course Topics and Learning Outcomes

Major Topics Covered

• Chemistry of Life: Study of atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions essential to biological systems.

• Cell Structure and Function: Examination of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures, organelles, and their roles.

• Metabolism: Exploration of metabolic pathways, including catabolism and anabolism, and their regulation.

• Photosynthesis: Understanding the process by which plants and some organisms convert light energy into chemical energy.

• Mitosis and Meiosis: Study of cell division processes and their significance in growth, development, and reproduction.

• Genetics: Introduction to Mendelian and molecular genetics, inheritance patterns, and genetic variation.

• Biotechnology: Overview of modern techniques used to manipulate DNA and organisms for practical applications.

Student Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Identify steps of the Scientific Method and apply them in laboratory and class settings.

2. Identify four major macromolecules and their constituents.

3. Summarize the stages of photosynthesis.

4. Summarize the steps of cellular respiration.

5. Be able to write a variety of genetics problems.

Key Concepts and Definitions

Scientific Method

• Definition: A systematic approach to inquiry involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis.

• Steps: Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Analysis, Conclusion.

• Example: Testing the effect of light on plant growth by varying light exposure and measuring plant height.

Macromolecules

• Definition: Large, complex molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

• Constituents:

  • Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)

  • Lipids: Fatty acids and glycerol

  • Proteins: Amino acids

  • Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides (e.g., DNA, RNA)

• Function: Energy storage, structural support, catalysis, genetic information storage and transfer.

Photosynthesis

• Definition: The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

• Stages:

  • Light-dependent reactions: Occur in the thylakoid membranes; convert light energy to ATP and NADPH.

  • Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions): Occur in the stroma; use ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose from CO2.

• Equation:

Cellular Respiration

• Definition: The process by which cells break down glucose and other molecules to produce ATP, the cell's energy currency.

• Stages: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), Electron Transport Chain.

• Equation:

Genetics

• Definition: The study of heredity and variation in living organisms.

• Mendelian Genetics: Principles of inheritance based on Gregor Mendel's work with pea plants.

• Key Terms: Gene, allele, genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive.

• Example: Predicting offspring traits using Punnett squares.

Assessment and Grading

Grading Components

Grades are based on a combination of assignments, quizzes, exams, lab exercises, and lab practicals. The lowest exam grade (except the final) will be dropped.

Assessment Policies

• Exams: Four exams and one final exam. The lowest exam grade (excluding the final) will be dropped. No make-up exams except for documented emergencies.

• Quizzes: Ten quizzes, with the lowest grade dropped. Quizzes may be online or in class.

• Assignments: Homework and Mastering Biology assignments. Only the top 10 scores are counted if more than 10 are given.

• Lab Practicals: Two lab-based exams to assess understanding of laboratory work.

Student Responsibilities and Support

Expectations

• Students must obtain and use all required materials, including the textbook and lab manual.

• Assignments and quizzes must be completed on time; late work may not be accepted without documentation.

• Attendance and participation in both lecture and lab are required for success.

Support Services

• Counseling Services: Telecounseling, crisis support, and wellness resources are available for students.

• Library: Access to research materials, orientation, and subject-specific instruction.

• Student Success Tutoring: Free tutoring for STEM and non-STEM courses, study skills workshops, and online support.

• Disability Services: Accommodations available for students with documented disabilities.

Academic Integrity and Attendance

• Academic Integrity: Students are expected to uphold standards of honesty and avoid plagiarism, cheating, and other forms of academic misconduct.

• Attendance: Regular attendance and engagement with course materials are required.

Summary Table: Major Macromolecules

Additional info: This study guide is based on the course syllabus and includes expanded academic context for clarity and completeness. For detailed content on each topic, refer to the assigned textbook chapters and laboratory manual.