Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide, and what is the formula for a 4-carbon monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

General formula: $$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$; 4-carbon monosaccharide: $$C_4H_8O_4$$

Question 2

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Starch and glycogen are both storage polysaccharides composed of glucose monomers.

Question 3

A scientist discovers a carbohydrate that is used by plants to transfer energy from roots to leaves. Which carbohydrate is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Most animals lack the enzyme to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 6

A mutation causes the deletion of three nucleotides in the gene coding for a transmembrane protein. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform such a wide variety of functions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have diverse structures due to the variety of amino acid side chains and their interactions.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.

Question 11

A sample of genetic material has the sequence 5'-CATGTCAAC-3'. What is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-GTACAGTTG-5'

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of alpha amylase in saliva?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into maltose.

Question 13

If the pH of the mouth increases to 8.5, what is the most likely effect on the activity of alpha amylase?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme activity will decrease because the pH is outside its optimal range.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of two or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein

Question 17

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotide monomers, which consist of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not composed of repeating monomer units linked by covalent bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique property of chitin compared to other polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Biological Macromolecules: Properties, Structures, and Functions

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