Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbon atoms are considered the most versatile building blocks of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon atoms have a valence of 4, allowing them to form single, double, and triple bonds with a variety of atoms.

Question 2

Which functional group is responsible for making molecules more hydrophobic and is commonly found in testosterone and estradiol?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group $$(-CH_3$)$$

Question 3

A dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which disaccharide, commonly used in beer brewing?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 4

Which functional group is critical in stabilizing protein structure through the formation of disulfide bridges?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group $$(-SH)$$

Question 5

During hydrolysis, what happens to the covalent bond between two monomers?

Accepted Answer

It is broken by the addition of a water molecule, with one monomer gaining a hydroxyl group $$(-OH)$$ and the other gaining a hydrogen $$(-H).$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed by a dehydration synthesis between two sugar monomers.

Question 7

Which functional group acts as an acid because it can donate a proton $$(H^+)$$, and is involved in peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group $$(-COOH)$$

Question 8

A molecule contains a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. If this group is at the end of the carbon skeleton, what is the molecule classified as?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Question 9

Which macromolecule class includes molecules such as glucose, starch, and cellulose, and is primarily used for fuel and building material?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of the phosphate group $$(-PO_4$)$$?

Accepted Answer

It is a non-polar group.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for joining monomers together to form polymers, and what is the byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is produced as a byproduct.

Question 12

Which functional group is found in all alcohols and is involved in both condensation and hydrolysis reactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group $$(-OH)$$

Question 13

A molecule with both an amino group $$(-NH_2$)$$ and a carboxyl group $$(-COOH) is $$most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

An amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are simple sugars in which carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen occur in the ratio of $$CH_2O.$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its monomer components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: Glucose + Fructose

Question 16

Which functional group is polar, found in nucleotides, and is important for energy transfer in cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group $$(-PO_4$)$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a ketone and an aldehyde functional group?

Accepted Answer

A ketone has the carbonyl group within the carbon skeleton, while an aldehyde has it at the end of the skeleton.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of subtle changes in the location of functional groups on a molecule?

Accepted Answer

It can create significant differences in chemical and functional properties, such as the difference between estradiol and testosterone.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the amino group $$(-NH_2$) is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a weak base and is found in amino acids.

Biological Molecules: Structure, Function, and Types

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