Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They must be able to move independently.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable statement about a specific observation, while a theory is a broad explanation for many phenomena.

Question 3

Which experiment would best test the hypothesis that all cells come from preexisting cells?

Accepted Answer

Placing sterilized broth in a sealed flask and observing for microbial growth.

Question 4

Which of the following is a necessary condition for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must vary in heritable characteristics.

Question 5

A population of beetles has two color morphs: green and brown. Birds more easily spot and eat green beetles. Over several generations, brown beetles become more common. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information is encoded in genes located on chromosomes.

Question 7

If a DNA sequence is $$A-T-A-T-G-G-A-G$$ and another is $$A-T-A-T-C-G-A-G$$, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The two sequences are closely related but have a single base difference.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct scientific name for humans?

Accepted Answer

$$Homo\ sapiens$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why DNA can be copied accurately?

Accepted Answer

The double helix structure allows complementary base pairing.

Question 10

In the desert ant experiment, what was the main hypothesis being tested?

Accepted Answer

Ants use stride length and number to calculate distance traveled.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotes, while Eukarya are eukaryotes.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides chemical energy for cellular processes.

Question 13

A phylogenetic tree is constructed using genetic data. What does a shorter genetic distance between two species indicate?

Accepted Answer

They share a more recent common ancestor.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

There is no difference in the outcome between the control and experimental groups.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A heritable trait increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Understanding that diseases like cancer result from abnormal cell growth.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why scientific names are used instead of common names?

Accepted Answer

Scientific names are standardized and avoid confusion across languages.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct application of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 19

A scientist wants to test if a new fertilizer increases plant growth. Which of the following is the best experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Grow two groups of plants: one with fertilizer and one without, keeping all other conditions the same.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution occurs in populations, not individuals.

Biology and the Tree of Life: Study Notes for BLG143 Biology I

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