Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_{n} ($$multiples of CH_2O)$

Question 2

Which structural feature distinguishes an aldose from a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has it within the chain.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 4

Glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides found in honey. Which statement correctly compares their structures?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is an aldose and fructose is a ketose.

Question 5

Which of the following variations does NOT contribute to the diversity of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Presence of peptide bonds

Question 6

Which process describes the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the photosynthetic production of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O + $$sunlight \rightarrow (CH_2O)_n + $$O_2$$

Question 8

Why do carbohydrates have higher potential energy compared to carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Because electrons in C-H and C-C bonds are shared more equally and have higher potential energy

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing the $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages in starch?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 10

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in a specific enzyme. Which type of glycosidic linkage is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 11

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are polymers made by linking monosaccharides via glycosidic bonds.

Question 12

Which property of carbohydrates allows them to indicate cell identity?

Accepted Answer

Their specific arrangement of hydroxyl groups and branching patterns

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen has more branching than starch.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a way that monosaccharides can differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

Type of glycosidic linkage

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why monosaccharides are readily soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

They have multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups that form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct real-world application of carbohydrates in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Blood type is determined by specific carbohydrate structures on cell surfaces.

Question 17

A scientist wants to synthesize a polysaccharide with high energy storage capacity. Which type of glycosidic linkage should be most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the ring structure of monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides most often occur as ring structures, especially in liquids.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct multi-step reasoning about carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates, which are then broken down by cellular respiration to release ATP.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the chemical energy in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have more energy than carbon dioxide because their electrons are shared more equally in C-H and C-C bonds.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Study Guide - Practice Questions