Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist is examining a cell and observes the presence of a nucleolus, chromatin, and a nuclear envelope. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 3

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosome subunits

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins destined for secretion or for membranes.

Question 5

A mutation disrupts the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a liver cell. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the function to the organelle?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome: digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 7

During protein processing, which side of the Golgi apparatus receives newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Cis face

Question 8

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which of the following is NOT a function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

It generates ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 10

A researcher is studying a cell that contains both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which process occurs in both organelles?

Accepted Answer

Generation of a proton gradient across a membrane

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the structure of the chloroplast is correct?

Accepted Answer

The thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll and is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$H_2O_2) in $$animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

A mutation causes a plant cell to lack plasmodesmata. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell-to-cell communication

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main structural component of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 16

Which type of cell junction in animal cells prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 17

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production and export of proteins

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between microtubules and intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are involved in chromosome movement during mitosis, while intermediate filaments provide structural support.

Question 19

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Weakness in connective tissues such as skin and tendons

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes are often found in the plasma membrane or secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, which directs proteins into the endomembrane system for processing and transport.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide for General Biology

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