Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Question 2

What is the primary difference in chromosome number between cells produced by mitosis and meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells, meiosis produces haploid cells.

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the independent assortment of alleles during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Separation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis

Question 4

A karyotype is most useful for detecting which of the following genetic abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why meiosis leads to greater genetic diversity than mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 6

If a human cell undergoes nondisjunction during meiosis, what is a possible outcome for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes may have an extra chromosome, leading to conditions such as trisomy 21.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number change during meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 8

Which statement accurately compares the products of mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the diploid/haploid life cycle in humans?

Accepted Answer

Adults are diploid and produce haploid gametes.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios is an example of random fertilization increasing genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Any sperm can fertilize any egg, resulting in a unique combination of parental alleles.

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes a cell with two sets of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Diploid

Question 12

What is the significance of homologous chromosomes pairing during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It enables crossing over, which increases genetic variation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 14

Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the outcome of independent assortment during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance – Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions